For AI agents: the complete documentation index is available at /llms.txt, the full documentation bundle is available at /llms-full.txt, and this page is available as Markdown at /reference/function/partial.md.
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    partial es-toolkit

    Creates a new function with some arguments pre-applied.

    const partialFunc = partial(func, arg1, arg2);

    Usage

    partial(func, ...args)

    Use partial when you want to fix some arguments of a function in advance. Pre-provided arguments are placed at the front of the function, and arguments passed later are added to the back.

    This is similar to the concept of currying, which is frequently used in functional programming. Unlike bind, it doesn't fix the this context.

    You can use partial.placeholder to pass specific arguments later.

    import { partial } from 'es-toolkit/function';

// Basic usage
function greet(greeting: string, name: string) {
  return `${greeting}, ${name}!`;
}

const sayHello = partial(greet, 'Hello');
console.log(sayHello('John')); // 'Hello, John!'
console.log(sayHello('Jane')); // 'Hello, Jane!'

// Applying multiple arguments
function multiply(a: number, b: number, c: number) {
  return a * b * c;
}

const double = partial(multiply, 2);
console.log(double(3, 4)); // 24

const doubleAndTriple = partial(multiply, 2, 3);
console.log(doubleAndTriple(4)); // 24

    You can adjust the argument order using placeholders.

    import { partial } from 'es-toolkit/function';

function subtract(a: number, b: number, c: number) {
  return a - b - c;
}

// Fix only the second argument, pass the first and third later
const subtractFrom5 = partial(subtract, partial.placeholder, 5, partial.placeholder);
console.log(subtractFrom5(10, 2)); // 10 - 5 - 2 = 3

// Using with array methods
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const addTen = partial((x: number, y: number) => x + y, 10);
const result = numbers.map(addTen);
console.log(result); // [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

    Parameters

    funcFrequired

    The function to partially apply arguments to.

    argsany[]optional

    The arguments to pre-apply.

    Returns

    Returns a new function with some arguments pre-applied.

    (...args: any[]) => ReturnType<F>
    Source: es-toolkit

    Re-exported verbatim from es-toolkit. Implementation, edge cases, and performance behavior are owned upstream. This page mirrors the documentation at the pinned version; the linked source is authoritative.