For AI agents: the complete documentation index is available at /llms.txt, the full documentation bundle is available at /llms-full.txt, and this page is available as Markdown at /reference/fp/initial.md.
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    initial (Functional Programming) es-toolkit

    Creates a function that returns all values except the last one. Use it with pipe.

    const result = pipe(array, initial());
    Info

    Prefer the original es-toolkit initial in ordinary code. Use this fp variant when composing transformations with pipe.

    Usage

    initial returns a new array without the last value of the piped array.

    import { initial, pipe } from 'es-toolkit/fp';

pipe([1, 2, 3], initial()); // => [1, 2]

    Parameters

    This function takes no arguments; call it as initial().

    Returns

    A function that maps a readonly T[] to all values except the last one.

    (array: readonly T[]) => T[]
    Source: es-toolkit

    Re-exported verbatim from es-toolkit. Implementation, edge cases, and performance behavior are owned upstream. This page mirrors the documentation at the pinned version; the linked source is authoritative.